MIME 类型

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 是描述消息内容类型的标准，用来表示文档、文件或字节流的性质和格式。

MIME 消息能包含文本、图像、音频、视频以及其他应用程序专用的数据。

浏览器通常使用 MIME 类型（而不是文件扩展名）来确定如何处理URL，因此 We b服务器在响应头中添加正确的 MIME 类型非常重要。如果配置不正确，浏览器可能会无法解析文件内容，网站将无法正常工作，并且下载的文件也会被错误处理。

语法

MIME 类型通用结构：

type/subtype

MIME 的组成结构非常简单，由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用 / 分隔而组成，不允许有空格。type 表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别，subtype 表示细分后的每个类型。

MIME类型对大小写不敏感，但是传统写法都是小写。

两种主要的 MIME 类型在默认类型中扮演了重要的角色：

• text/plain 表示文本文件的默认值。
• application/octet-stream 表示所有其他情况的默认值。

常见的 MIME 类型

• 超文本标记语言文本 .html、.html：text/html

• 普通文本 .txt： text/plain

• RTF 文本 .rtf： application/rtf

• GIF 图形 .gif： image/gif

• JPEG 图形 .jpeg、.jpg： image/jpeg

• au 声音文件 .au： audio/basic

• MIDI 音乐文件 mid、.midi： audio/midi、audio/x-midi

• RealAudio 音乐文件 .ra、.ram： audio/x-pn-realaudio

• MPEG 文件 .mpg、.mpeg： video/mpeg

• AVI 文件 .avi： video/x-msvideo

• GZIP 文件 .gz： application/x-gzip

• TAR 文件 .tar： application/x-tar

类型	描述	典型示例
text	表明文件是普通文本，理论上是人类可读	text/plain, text/html, text/css, text/javascript
image	表明是某种图像。不包括视频，但是动态图（比如动态gif）也使用image类型	image/gif, image/png, image/jpeg, image/bmp, image/webp, image/x-icon, image/vnd.microsoft.icon
audio	表明是某种音频文件	audio/midi, audio/mpeg, audio/webm, audio/ogg, audio/wav
video	表明是某种视频文件	video/webm, video/ogg
application	表明是某种二进制数据	application/octet-stream, application/pkcs12, application/vnd.mspowerpoint, application/xhtml+xml, application/xml,  application/pdf

MIME 对照表

媒体类型	文件扩展名	说明
application/msword	doc	微软 Office Word 格式（Microsoft Word 97 - 2004 document）
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document	docx	微软 Office Word 文档格式
application/vnd.ms-excel	xls	微软 Office Excel 格式（Microsoft Excel 97 - 2004 Workbook
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet	xlsx	微软 Office Excel 文档格式
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	ppt	微软 Office PowerPoint 格式（Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - 2003 演示文稿）
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation	pptx	微软 Office PowerPoint 文稿格式
application/x-gzip	gz, gzip	GZ 压缩文件格式
application/zip	zip, 7zip	ZIP 压缩文件格式
application/rar	rar	RAR 压缩文件格式
application/x-tar	tar, tgz	TAR 压缩文件格式
application/pdf	pdf	PDF 是 Portable Document Format 的简称，即便携式文档格式
application/rtf	rtf	RTF 是指 Rich Text Format，即通常所说的富文本格式
image/gif	gif	GIF 图像格式
image/jpeg	jpg, jpeg	JPG(JPEG) 图像格式
image/jp2	jpg2	JPG2 图像格式
image/png	png	PNG 图像格式
image/tiff	tif, tiff	TIF(TIFF) 图像格式
image/bmp	bmp	BMP 图像格式（位图格式）
image/svg+xml	svg, svgz	SVG 图像格式
image/webp	webp	WebP 图像格式
image/x-icon	ico	ico 图像格式，通常用于浏览器 Favicon 图标
application/kswps	wps	金山 Office 文字排版文件格式
application/kset	et	金山 Office 表格文件格式
application/ksdps	dps	金山 Office 演示文稿格式
application/x-photoshop	psd	Photoshop 源文件格式
application/x-coreldraw	cdr	Coreldraw 源文件格式
application/x-shockwave-flash	swf	Adobe Flash 源文件格式
text/plain	txt	普通文本格式
application/x-javascript	js	Javascript 文件类型
text/javascript	js	表示 Javascript 脚本文件
text/css	css	表示 CSS 样式表
text/html	htm, html, shtml	HTML 文件格式
application/xhtml+xml	xht, xhtml	XHTML 文件格式
text/xml	xml	XML 文件格式
text/x-vcard	vcf	VCF 文件格式
application/x-httpd-php	php, php3, php4, phtml	PHP 文件格式
application/java-archive	jar	Java 归档文件格式
application/vnd.android.package-archive	apk	Android 平台包文件格式
application/octet-stream	exe	Windows 系统可执行文件格式
application/x-x509-user-cert	crt, pem	PEM 文件格式
audio/mpeg	mp3	mpeg 音频格式
audio/midi	mid, midi	mid 音频格式
audio/x-wav	wav	wav 音频格式
audio/x-mpegurl	m3u	m3u 音频格式
audio/x-m4a	m4a	m4a 音频格式
audio/ogg	ogg	ogg 音频格式
audio/x-realaudio	ra	Real Audio 音频格式
video/mp4	mp4	mp4 视频格式
video/mpeg	mpg, mpe, mpeg	mpeg 视频格式
video/quicktime	qt, mov	QuickTime 视频格式
video/x-m4v	m4v	m4v 视频格式
video/x-ms-wmv	wmv	wmv 视频格式（Windows 操作系统上的一种视频格式）
video/x-msvideo	avi	avi 视频格式
video/webm	webm	webm 视频格式
video/x-flv	flv	一种基于 flash 技术的视频格式

按照内容类型排列的 MIME 类型列表

类型/子类型	扩展名
application/envoy	evy
application/fractals	fif
application/futuresplash	spl
application/hta	hta
application/internet-property-stream	acx
application/mac-binhex40	hqx
application/msword	doc
application/msword	dot
application/octet-stream	*
application/octet-stream	bin
application/octet-stream	class
application/octet-stream	dms
application/octet-stream	exe
application/octet-stream	lha
application/octet-stream	lzh
application/oda	oda
application/olescript	axs
application/pdf	pdf
application/pics-rules	prf
application/pkcs10	p10
application/pkix-crl	crl
application/postscript	ai
application/postscript	eps
application/postscript	ps
application/rtf	rtf
application/set-payment-initiation	setpay
application/set-registration-initiation	setreg
application/vnd.ms-excel	xla
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlc
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlm
application/vnd.ms-excel	xls
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlt
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlw
application/vnd.ms-outlook	msg
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore	sst
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat	cat
application/vnd.ms-pkistl	stl
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pot
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pps
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	ppt
application/vnd.ms-project	mpp
application/vnd.ms-works	wcm
application/vnd.ms-works	wdb
application/vnd.ms-works	wks
application/vnd.ms-works	wps
application/winhlp	hlp
application/x-bcpio	bcpio
application/x-cdf	cdf
application/x-compress	z
application/x-compressed	tgz
application/x-cpio	cpio
application/x-csh	csh
application/x-director	dcr
application/x-director	dir
application/x-director	dxr
application/x-dvi	dvi
application/x-gtar	gtar
application/x-gzip	gz
application/x-hdf	hdf
application/x-internet-signup	ins
application/x-internet-signup	isp
application/x-iphone	iii
application/x-javascript	js
application/x-latex	latex
application/x-msaccess	mdb
application/x-mscardfile	crd
application/x-msclip	clp
application/x-msdownload	dll
application/x-msmediaview	m13
application/x-msmediaview	m14
application/x-msmediaview	mvb
application/x-msmetafile	wmf
application/x-msmoney	mny
application/x-mspublisher	pub
application/x-msschedule	scd
application/x-msterminal	trm
application/x-mswrite	wri
application/x-netcdf	cdf
application/x-netcdf	nc
application/x-perfmon	pma
application/x-perfmon	pmc
application/x-perfmon	pml
application/x-perfmon	pmr
application/x-perfmon	pmw
application/x-pkcs12	p12
application/x-pkcs12	pfx
application/x-pkcs7-certificates	p7b
application/x-pkcs7-certificates	spc
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp	p7r
application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7c
application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7m
application/x-pkcs7-signature	p7s
application/x-sh	sh
application/x-shar	shar
application/x-shockwave-flash	swf
application/x-stuffit	sit
application/x-sv4cpio	sv4cpio
application/x-sv4crc	sv4crc
application/x-tar	tar
application/x-tcl	tcl
application/x-tex	tex
application/x-texinfo	texi
application/x-texinfo	texinfo
application/x-troff	roff
application/x-troff	t
application/x-troff	tr
application/x-troff-man	man
application/x-troff-me	me
application/x-troff-ms	ms
application/x-ustar	ustar
application/x-wais-source	src
application/x-x509-ca-cert	cer
application/x-x509-ca-cert	crt
application/x-x509-ca-cert	der
application/ynd.ms-pkipko	pko
application/zip	zip
audio/basic	au
audio/basic	snd
audio/mid	mid
audio/mid	rmi
audio/mpeg	mp3
audio/x-aiff	aif
audio/x-aiff	aifc
audio/x-aiff	aiff
audio/x-mpegurl	m3u
audio/x-pn-realaudio	ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio	ram
audio/x-wav	wav
image/bmp	bmp
image/cis-cod	cod
image/gif	gif
image/ief	ief
image/jpeg	jpe
image/jpeg	jpeg
image/jpeg	jpg
image/pipeg	jfif
image/svg+xml	svg
image/tiff	tif
image/tiff	tiff
image/x-cmu-raster	ras
image/x-cmx	cmx
image/x-icon	ico
image/x-portable-anymap	pnm
image/x-portable-bitmap	pbm
image/x-portable-graymap	pgm
image/x-portable-pixmap	ppm
image/x-rgb	rgb
image/x-xbitmap	xbm
image/x-xpixmap	xpm
image/x-xwindowdump	xwd
message/rfc822	mht
message/rfc822	mhtml
message/rfc822	nws
text/css	css
text/h323	323
text/html	htm
text/html	html
text/html	stm
text/iuls	uls
text/plain	bas
text/plain	c
text/plain	h
text/plain	txt
text/richtext	rtx
text/scriptlet	sct
text/tab-separated-values	tsv
text/webviewhtml	htt
text/x-component	htc
text/x-setext	etx
text/x-vcard	vcf
video/mpeg	mp2
video/mpeg	mpa
video/mpeg	mpe
video/mpeg	mpeg
video/mpeg	mpg
video/mpeg	mpv2
video/quicktime	mov
video/quicktime	qt
video/x-la-asf	lsf
video/x-la-asf	lsx
video/x-ms-asf	asf
video/x-ms-asf	asr
video/x-ms-asf	asx
video/x-msvideo	avi
video/x-sgi-movie	movie
x-world/x-vrml	flr
x-world/x-vrml	vrml
x-world/x-vrml	wrl
x-world/x-vrml	wrz
x-world/x-vrml	xaf
x-world/x-vrml	xof

按照文件扩展名排列的 MIME 类型列表

扩展名	类型/子类型
	application/octet-stream
323	text/h323
acx	application/internet-property-stream
ai	application/postscript
aif	audio/x-aiff
aifc	audio/x-aiff
aiff	audio/x-aiff
asf	video/x-ms-asf
asr	video/x-ms-asf
asx	video/x-ms-asf
au	audio/basic
avi	video/x-msvideo
axs	application/olescript
bas	text/plain
bcpio	application/x-bcpio
bin	application/octet-stream
bmp	image/bmp
c	text/plain
cat	application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat
cdf	application/x-cdf
cer	application/x-x509-ca-cert
class	application/octet-stream
clp	application/x-msclip
cmx	image/x-cmx
cod	image/cis-cod
cpio	application/x-cpio
crd	application/x-mscardfile
crl	application/pkix-crl
crt	application/x-x509-ca-cert
csh	application/x-csh
css	text/css
dcr	application/x-director
der	application/x-x509-ca-cert
dir	application/x-director
dll	application/x-msdownload
dms	application/octet-stream
doc	application/msword
dot	application/msword
dvi	application/x-dvi
dxr	application/x-director
eps	application/postscript
etx	text/x-setext
evy	application/envoy
exe	application/octet-stream
fif	application/fractals
flr	x-world/x-vrml
gif	image/gif
gtar	application/x-gtar
gz	application/x-gzip
h	text/plain
hdf	application/x-hdf
hlp	application/winhlp
hqx	application/mac-binhex40
hta	application/hta
htc	text/x-component
htm	text/html
html	text/html
htt	text/webviewhtml
ico	image/x-icon
ief	image/ief
iii	application/x-iphone
ins	application/x-internet-signup
isp	application/x-internet-signup
jfif	image/pipeg
jpe	image/jpeg
jpeg	image/jpeg
jpg	image/jpeg
js	application/x-javascript
latex	application/x-latex
lha	application/octet-stream
lsf	video/x-la-asf
lsx	video/x-la-asf
lzh	application/octet-stream
m13	application/x-msmediaview
m14	application/x-msmediaview
m3u	audio/x-mpegurl
man	application/x-troff-man
mdb	application/x-msaccess
me	application/x-troff-me
mht	message/rfc822
mhtml	message/rfc822
mid	audio/mid
mny	application/x-msmoney
mov	video/quicktime
movie	video/x-sgi-movie
mp2	video/mpeg
mp3	audio/mpeg
mpa	video/mpeg
mpe	video/mpeg
mpeg	video/mpeg
mpg	video/mpeg
mpp	application/vnd.ms-project
mpv2	video/mpeg
ms	application/x-troff-ms
mvb	application/x-msmediaview
nws	message/rfc822
oda	application/oda
p10	application/pkcs10
p12	application/x-pkcs12
p7b	application/x-pkcs7-certificates
p7c	application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7m	application/x-pkcs7-mime
p7r	application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp
p7s	application/x-pkcs7-signature
pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap
pdf	application/pdf
pfx	application/x-pkcs12
pgm	image/x-portable-graymap
pko	application/ynd.ms-pkipko
pma	application/x-perfmon
pmc	application/x-perfmon
pml	application/x-perfmon
pmr	application/x-perfmon
pmw	application/x-perfmon
pnm	image/x-portable-anymap
pot,	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap
pps	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
prf	application/pics-rules
ps	application/postscript
pub	application/x-mspublisher
qt	video/quicktime
ra	audio/x-pn-realaudio
ram	audio/x-pn-realaudio
ras	image/x-cmu-raster
rgb	image/x-rgb
rmi	audio/mid
roff	application/x-troff
rtf	application/rtf
rtx	text/richtext
scd	application/x-msschedule
sct	text/scriptlet
setpay	application/set-payment-initiation
setreg	application/set-registration-initiation
sh	application/x-sh
shar	application/x-shar
sit	application/x-stuffit
snd	audio/basic
spc	application/x-pkcs7-certificates
spl	application/futuresplash
src	application/x-wais-source
sst	application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore
stl	application/vnd.ms-pkistl
stm	text/html
svg	image/svg+xml
sv4cpio	application/x-sv4cpio
sv4crc	application/x-sv4crc
swf	application/x-shockwave-flash
t	application/x-troff
tar	application/x-tar
tcl	application/x-tcl
tex	application/x-tex
texi	application/x-texinfo
texinfo	application/x-texinfo
tgz	application/x-compressed
tif	image/tiff
tiff	image/tiff
tr	application/x-troff
trm	application/x-msterminal
tsv	text/tab-separated-values
txt	text/plain
uls	text/iuls
ustar	application/x-ustar
vcf	text/x-vcard
vrml	x-world/x-vrml
wav	audio/x-wav
wcm	application/vnd.ms-works
wdb	application/vnd.ms-works
wks	application/vnd.ms-works
wmf	application/x-msmetafile
wps	application/vnd.ms-works
wri	application/x-mswrite
wrl	x-world/x-vrml
wrz	x-world/x-vrml
xaf	x-world/x-vrml
xbm	image/x-xbitmap
xla	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlc	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlm	application/vnd.ms-excel
xls	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlt	application/vnd.ms-excel
xlw	application/vnd.ms-excel
xof	x-world/x-vrml
xpm	image/x-xpixmap
xwd	image/x-xwindowdump
z	application/x-compress
zip	application/zip