Articles
In-depth articles on AI, web development, cloud native, and indie hacking.
Basic cost attribution only shows who an expense belongs to. This article uses rate cards with effective intervals, vendor invoice calibration, shared COGS, and revenue allocation policies to build a recomputable operating gross margin ledger.
Prompt Injection cannot be solved with a single “ignore malicious instructions.” This guide builds defense in depth across six layers: trust boundaries, least privilege, content isolation, tool authorization, output validation, and red-team testing.
Model vendor keys, object storage credentials, and signing keys can't be rotated by hand. This article lays out an end-to-end rotation flow: asset inventory, dual-credential switching, dynamic refresh, revocation verification, and leak response.
Writing Express routes is not enough for production Node.js. This article covers crash-safe error handling, logging and observability, configuration and secret management, database connection pools, scheduled jobs and queues, process management with PM2/cluster, and the realities of Node's single-threaded concurrency.
Single QPS rate limiting cannot stop long-context and batch tasks from squeezing inference pools. This article designs tiered quotas, atomic accounting, fair queuing, burst allowance, and failure degradation to protect multi-tenant AI platforms.
When a single database can no longer keep up, what is the right move? This article lays out the scaling path: optimize vertically first (indexes, queries, read/write splitting), then horizontally (sharding). Covers shard key selection, cross-shard queries, distributed transactions, and why you should not rush to shard — most projects never need it.
New prices should not directly override all subscriptions. This article covers migrating contracts, prices, cohorts, and billing schedules, controlling risk through billing dry runs, phased rollout, and post-billing compensation.
Ownership is Rust's hardest and most fundamental concept, enabling memory safety without a garbage collector. This article explains ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes in plain English, along with the common situations where beginners end up "fighting the compiler," to help you clear Rust's first and steepest hurdle.
A user saying "this feature is great" does not prove demand. This article provides an evidence-based interview process for AI products that progressively validates problem intensity and willingness to pay through past behavior, existing switching costs, decision authority, and real payment.
Go's goroutine-and-channel model is simple and powerful, but misuse can cause leaks, deadlocks, and races. This guide covers lightweight goroutines and scheduling, channel synchronization and communication, select multiplexing, worker pools, fan-out, pipelines, and common concurrency traps.
Once a team has invested code and time, it's easy to keep extending validation. This article uses five categories of thresholds—demand, willingness to pay, value delivery, unit economics, and risk—to establish pre-experiment continue, pivot, and stop rules, with a reproducible decision example.
Knowing add/commit/push is not the same as knowing Git. This article explains rebase vs. merge, interactive rebase, cherry-pick, reflog, stash, and practical recovery from common mistakes so Git is no longer intimidating.