Articles
In-depth articles on AI, web development, cloud native, and indie hacking.
`resources/updated` only signals that a URI may have changed; it carries no content version. This article uses discovery generations, subscription leases, and read-digest reconciliation to handle lost notifications, out-of-order updates, and resource-set changes during pagination.
PWAs give web applications native capabilities such as offline access, desktop installation, Push notifications, and background synchronization. This article explains their three core components, implementation steps, and platform support in 2026, including Web Push on iOS.
`modelPreferences` does not specify a model, and Sampling results should not reach the Server without review. This article freezes the routing policy, actual model, tool loop, and two-stage request/result consent into a single delivery receipt.
Rate limiting is more than 'N requests per minute' — which algorithm (fixed window/sliding window/token bucket/leaky bucket), which dimension (IP/user/API key), where to store (memory/Redis), and what to return when exceeded (429/Retry-After) all matter.
When an MCP Server connects to production systems, the hardest problem is not obtaining a token but preventing identity and permission boundaries from being conflated. This article presents a practical approach to layered authentication and authorization, token exchange, auditing, and failure handling.
Sharding is more than splitting data: a bad shard key forces full scans, while cross-shard joins, aggregation, and pagination become painful. This article covers shard-key design, application merging, denormalization, CQRS, globally unique Snowflake IDs, and why you should usually avoid sharding at first.
An SSE disconnect, HTTP 404, and DELETE do not signify the same kind of termination. This article binds the MCP session, protocol version, original stream, and Last-Event-ID to prevent cross-stream replay, session hijacking, and duplicate side effects.
Rendering 10,000 records freezes the page? A virtual list renders only the rows in view and swaps them dynamically as you scroll. This article explains window calculation and DOM reuse, how to use react-window and TanStack Virtual, when virtualization makes sense, and its tradeoffs for search, accessibility, and dynamic heights.
MCP tools must handle model retries, network instability, and long-running downstream jobs. This article presents a complete design for timeout budgets, retry conditions, idempotency keys, cancellation semantics, and observability metrics to prevent duplicate writes and indefinite waits.
Need the top 3 per category, running totals, or per-group rankings? Window functions handle them in one SQL query without GROUP BY plus subqueries. Learn the core concepts of OVER, PARTITION BY, ORDER BY, and frames; common ranking, cumulative, year-over-year, and top-N patterns; and the fundamental difference from GROUP BY.
An MCP tool's input and output schemas form a long-lived contract among the model, client, and business service. This article covers parameter design, error models, pagination, compatibility, and testability so a growing tool catalog remains usable.
APIs are convenient, but compliance, cost, offline operation, and customization can require self-hosting. This guide compares Ollama for local experiments and personal development with vLLM for high-throughput production inference, then covers quantization, VRAM, hardware selection, and when to use an API instead.