Articles
In-depth articles on AI, web development, cloud native, and indie hacking.
Keyset queries avoid deep OFFSET but cannot automatically freeze updates, deletes, and permission changes during paging. This article wraps filters, sorting, snapshot identity, and boundary tuples into a signed cursor and provides a sustainable snapshot implementation.
As products grow, UI values drift and components become inconsistent. This article explains Design Tokens as design atoms, layered component libraries from tokens to business components, theme switching, and a shared language that keeps design and engineering aligned.
Re-running the past year's partitions on a production table easily overwrites real-time writes and leaves half-new, half-old results. This article has backfill write into an independent generation, completing a reversible cutover with a half-open range, dual-compute diffs, and a pointer CAS.
Functional programming is not academic mysticism. It makes code more predictable, testable, and less error-prone. This guide covers practical FP in TypeScript: pure functions, immutability, composition, map/filter/reduce, Option/Either for null values and errors, and why pragmatic FP matters more than monad dogma.
Setting each application instance's local connection pool to 50 does not mean the database will see only 50 connections. This article uses global permits, workload queues, and cancellation confirmation to cap total connections and prevent one tenant or a slow query from taking down every request.
Developers accustomed to relational modeling often struggle with MongoDB. Its core ideas are query-driven schema design, embedding vs. referencing, and denormalization. This article explains document modeling, its trade-offs, and when to choose a document database over a relational one.
Checking only direct dependency versions misses peers, optional packages, install scripts, and native ABIs. This article treats the manifest and lockfile as one atomic change and establishes clean-install matrices, resolution diffs, and runtime compatibility gates.
The main variable cost in an LLM application is tokens, and it can quietly spiral out of control. This article explains five cost-reduction levers: prompt caching, model routing, prompt trimming, batch processing, and result caching, plus cost monitoring by feature and user to make AI products sustainable.
A design partner saying they will collaborate is not the same as delivering data on time, reviewing results, or accepting deliveries. This article freezes both sides commitments, scope boundaries, and acceptance evidence into a versioned charter, using change and expiry states to stop pilots from dragging on indefinitely.
Caching is the Swiss-army knife of performance optimization, but misuse produces stale data. This article covers the web's multi-layer caching — browser (HTTP caching / Service Worker), CDN, server (Redis / in-memory), and database (query cache) — what each layer caches, invalidation strategies, and how to maintain cache consistency.
Adding `@deprecated` does not mean consumers have migrated. This article uses a versioned lifecycle registry, static and runtime usage closure, idempotent Codemods, and visual and accessibility gates to make legacy component removal measurable and reversible.
Slow database? Tune before scaling up. This guide covers PostgreSQL configuration (shared_buffers, work_mem, and connections), query analysis with EXPLAIN and index optimization, connection pooling, VACUUM/ANALYZE maintenance, hardware, and a systematic locate-first tuning workflow.